Rechargeable, Non-Rechargeable & Other Types of Batteries

From powering everyday devices to running industrial equipment, the world relies on batteries. This guide explores the diverse world of batteries, covering everything from different shapes, sizes and rechargeable and non-rechargeable types.

Battery sizes are standardised to ensure compatibility with various devices. Here are some common battery sizes:

• AA Batteries: These versatile batteries are common and cost-effective, making them a popular battery type for a variety of devices such as remote controls, toys, flashlights, and portable electronics.
• AAA Batteries: With their compact size, AAA batteries are ideal for smaller devices like remote controls, toys, digital cameras, and MP3 players.
• AAAA Batteries: Even smaller than AAA batteries, AAAA batteries offer a higher energy density for their size, making them suitable for small electronics, laser pointers, and some medical devices.
• C Batteries: Offering a larger capacity than AA batteries, C batteries are suitable for higher-drain devices like flashlights, portable radios, and toys.
• D Batteries: These types of batteries have the highest capacity among cylindrical batteries, making them long-lasting and ideal for high-drain devices, industrial equipment, and flashlights.
• 9V Batteries: With their unique rectangular shape and higher voltage, 9V batteries are commonly used in smoke detectors, multimeters, and toys.
• Button/Coin Cell Batteries: Cell batteries are perfect for small devices like watches, digital thermometers, hearing aids, and calculators.
• Lead Acid Batteries: Known for their high current capacity, low cost, and rechargeable nature, lead-acid batteries are widely used in vehicles, backup power systems, and industrial equipment.
• Lantern Batteries: These large, high-capacity batteries are designed for long-lasting performance in lanterns, portable lighting, and emergency kits.
• Specialty Size Batteries: Specialty batteries cater to specific applications with unique requirements.

How do Different Kinds Of Rechargeable Batteries Work?

Rechargeable batteries utilise reversible chemical reactions. When the battery is being used, the chemical reaction generates a flow of electrons, creating an electrical current.

During charging, an external power source reverses this electron flow, effectively reversing the chemical reaction and restoring the battery's charge. This process can be repeated multiple times, allowing for the battery to be used and recharged numerous times.

How do Non-Rechargeable Batteries Work?

Non-rechargeable batteries rely on irreversible chemical reactions. As the battery discharges, the chemical reaction progresses, producing an electrical current. However, once the reactants are consumed, the reaction cannot be reversed, and the battery can no longer be used.

How long a battery lasts depends on several factors, including the type of battery, its usage, and storage conditions.

• Battery type: Different battery chemistries have different lifespans. For example, alkaline batteries typically last for several years in storage, while lithium-ion batteries have a shorter shelf life but can be recharged many times.
• Usage: The more a battery is used, the shorter its lifespan. High-drain devices like digital cameras and power tools will deplete batteries faster than low-drain devices like remote controls.
• Storage conditions: Extreme temperatures and humidity can shorten battery life. It's best to store batteries in a cool, dry place.

• Use a battery storage case: A dedicated battery storage case helps keep batteries organised, prevents accidental contact, and protects them from damage.
• Keep in original packaging: Store batteries in their original packaging to prevent accidental short circuits.
• Store in a dry, cool place: Avoid storing batteries in extreme temperatures or high-humidity areas. A cool, dry place like a closet or drawer is ideal.
• Keep away from metal objects: Prevent batteries from coming into contact with metal objects, as this can create a short circuit and potentially cause a fire or explosion.
• Use an organizer tray: A battery organizer tray helps keep different types of batteries neatly arranged and prevents them from rolling around and potentially short-circuiting.
• Store batteries with terminals facing up: Storing batteries with their terminals facing up helps prevent accidental contact and short circuits.
• Use battery-specific storage containers (for rechargeables): For rechargeable batteries, consider using battery-specific storage containers or cases.
• Store batteries in a fireproof container (for lithium-ion): Lithium-ion batteries can pose a fire risk if improperly stored. Store them in a fireproof container to minimise potential hazards.
• Avoid storing in humid areas: High humidity can corrode battery terminals and shorten their lifespan.
• Use battery terminal covers: Battery terminal covers help prevent accidental contact and short circuits, especially for small batteries like button cells.
• Separate from electronics: Avoid storing batteries loose in a drawer with electronics or other metal objects.
• Use a labelling system: Label batteries with their type and expiration date to ensure you're using the correct batteries and avoid using expired ones.

Batteries contain chemicals that can be harmful to the environment if not disposed of properly. Always follow local regulations and recycle batteries whenever possible. Here are some ways to dispose of batteries responsibly:

• Check local regulations: In Australia, batteries are classified as electronic waste and are banned from landfills. This is reflected in specific waste codes: T300 for general electronic waste, D220 for lead-acid batteries, and D150 for nickel-cadmium batteries. Always check with your local council for detailed instructions on proper battery disposal in your region.
• Use battery recycling programs: Many retail stores offer battery recycling programs. Look for designated bins or collection points within the store.
• Take batteries to a recycling centre or e-waste facility: Recycling centre and e-waste facilities accept various types of batteries for recycling. For rechargeable batteries (classified as 'specified electronic waste'), look for facilities with the appropriate licensing, such as an A02b license or an A02c registration.
• Participate in hazardous waste collection events: Some communities organise hazardous waste collection events where you can dispose of batteries safely.
• Use designated drop-off bins: Some public places, such as libraries or community centres, may have designated battery drop-off bins.
• Mail batteries to recycling services: Several recycling services offer mail-in programs for battery disposal.
• Do not throw batteries in the trash: Batteries should never be thrown in the regular trash, as they can end up in landfills and potentially leach harmful chemicals into the environment.
• Tape battery terminals to prevent short-circuiting: Before transporting or disposing of batteries, tape their terminals with non-conductive tape to prevent short circuits.
• Separate different types of batteries: Separate alkaline, lithium, and different battery types before disposal, as they may have different recycling processes.
• Recycle lead-acid car batteries: Lead-acid car batteries can be recycled at auto parts stores or recycling centres.
• Ensure button-cell batteries are recycled at special collection points: Button cell batteries often contain mercury or other hazardous materials and should be recycled at special collection points.

The variety of battery shapes and sizes arises from a combination of factors:

• Production cost: Different shapes and sizes may have varying production costs. Standardized types help optimise manufacturing processes and reduce costs.
• Energy and voltage requirements: Different devices have different energy and voltage requirements. Battery shapes and sizes are designed to accommodate these varying needs.
• Physical space constraints: The physical size of a device often dictates the battery size and shape that can be used.
• Chemistry and efficiency: Different battery chemistries have varying energy densities. The shape and size of a battery can be optimised to maximise the performance of a particular chemistry.
• Safety and reliability: Certain battery shapes and sizes may be more resistant to damage or leaks, while others may be better suited for specific applications to minimise safety risks.
• Standardisation: Standardisation of battery sizes ensures compatibility across different devices and manufacturers, making it easier for consumers to find replacement batteries.

RS Australia offers a wide selection of different types of batteries for all your needs, from everyday household devices to industrial equipment. Browse our range of rechargeable batteries and non-rechargeable batteries online to find the perfect power source for your next project.