How Many Teeth Per Inch on a Hacksaw Blade?

Hacksaw blades are distinguished by the pitch (frequency) of their teeth. These can vary from three relatively large teeth per inch (TPI) through to 32 TPI, ideal for very fine cutting. As a general rule, the larger the blade, the lower the number of teeth per inch.

How Thick is a Hacksaw Blade?

A standard 12-inch (300mm) hacksaw blade will typically be 0.63mm thick.

How Do You Cut Aluminium with a Hacksaw?

Although it is relatively soft, aluminium can be a difficult metal to cut because the shavings tend to accumulate and stick to the blade. Therefore, to achieve an effective cut, it is advisable to choose larger blades with lower TPI. You can also apply oil or lubricant for a smoother cut.

What are Hacksaw Blades Made from?

Hacksaw blades are typically made from high-speed steel (HSS), a tough, abrasion-resistant variety of steel. HSS is widely used to make tools, cutting blades and drill bits thanks to its strength, accuracy, and resistance to warpage and breakage.

Why are Hacksaw Blades Made with Different-Sized Teeth?

Different-sized teeth provide varying levels of cutting power. Large blades with fewer teeth are better suited to tough materials, while smaller blades with a greater number of teeth are designed for finer work.

Who Invented the Hacksaw and When?

Various types of saws have been used to cut materials for centuries, but the modern hacksaw owes a great deal to Max Flower-Nash Clemson. He conducted a series of experiments in the 1880s looking at ways to increase the efficiency of saw blades via heat treatments and by changing the size and number of embedded teeth. He was eventually granted an official patent for his improvements.

Does a Hacksaw Cut on the Push or the Pull?

Hacksaw blades should be mounted in their frames with the teeth facing forwards. They are designed so that the blade will cut on the push – the forward stroke – rather than the pull, or backwards stroke. The correct orientation for mounting will sometimes be indicated by an arrow marked on the blade.

- Published 7 Mar 2023
- Last Modified 20 Nov 2025
8 min

A Complete Guide to Hacksaws

This guide explains what hacksaws are, what they are used for, how to use them and the various types available.

What is a Hacksaw?

A hacksaw is a type of hand tool designed specifically for cutting through materials such as plastic, steel, and other metals. They are a variant of the traditional hand saw, typically used for cutting wood, and have become a staple tool for professionals and hobbyists alike.

Hacksaws supply firm and precise cutting power, ideal for a wide range of projects and applications. Physically, they are characterised by their distinctive adjustable frame shaped like the letter ‘D’, which holds the blades under tension.

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Parts of a Hacksaw

Hacksaw Frames

Hacksaw frames, also known as blade holders, usually feature an ergonomic handle (pistol grip, for example) and are supplied with pins for attaching new blades. The frames are typically made from steel or aluminium and can be adjusted to accommodate different sized blades.

Hacksaw Blades

Hacksaw blades are available in a variety of sizes for cutting different materials. They can be as small as six inches (150mm) in length but the most common length for hacksaw blades is 12 inches (300mm).

Blades are mounted onto hacksaw frames via pins which are inserted into holes at either end of the blade. The distance between these holes is used to determine the length of the blade.

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Typical Hacksaw Uses

What are hacksaws used for? Professionals including plumbers, electricians and mechanics regularly make use of hacksaws when carrying out their day-to-day tasks. Some of the most common uses for hacksaws include:

Sawing pipes
Shaping metal sheeting
Cutting plastic

Can a Hacksaw Cut Through Metal?

Yes, a hacksaw can cut through a wide range of common metals such as aluminium, copper or bronze. However, the effectiveness and ability of a hacksaw to cut through metal is contingent on factors such as the blade type, its Teeth Per Inch (TPI) rating, and the thickness of the workpiece.

Therefore, the question, "can or will a hacksaw cut through metal" is not just about the tool itself but also about selecting the correct blade for the application.

Cutting Metal With a Hacksaw

A hacksaw cuts through metal using the process of abrasion. Its fine-toothed blade scrapes away material with each forward stroke, in contrast to the tearing action of coarser saws used on materials like wood.

While a hacksaw is primarily a manual tool, this principle is also employed in powered hacksaws. When considering how to use a hacksaw to cut through metal, always remember to apply consistent, even pressure on the forward stroke and lift the saw slightly on the return stroke to prevent dulling the teeth.

The hacksaw is used for precise, straight cuts and can be used to cut through various metal profiles, from solid bars to hollow pipes.

For optimal performance, choosing the right TPI for the type of cutting you are doing:

14–18 TPI: Ideal for thicker, softer metals and materials such as steel rods or pipes.
24–32 TPI: Best suited for thin sheet metal, tubing, and hardened metals, as the fine teeth prevent snagging and provide a smoother finish.

Metals a Hacksaw Can Cut

What metals can a hacksaw cut? Here's a list of common metals you can use a hacksaw to cut and tips for doing so:

**Stainless Steel: **While it can be cut using a hacksaw, it's a slower, more labour-intensive process due to its hardness. A high TPI blade (24 or more) and a lubricant are recommended to extend blade life.
Aluminum: This is one of the easier metals to cut. Use a blade with 18-24 TPI and apply light pressure to avoid gumming up the teeth.
Copper and Brass: These softer metals can be cut with a hacksaw, although a coarser blade (14-18 TPI) may be used for thicker sections to speed up the cut.
Steel: Standard carbon steel is a primary material for hacksaw use. A 14–18 TPI blade is typically sufficient for most applications.

Types of Hacksaw

Hacksaws are produced in a variety of shapes and sizes to support a range of applications and industries. The main types of hacksaw include:

Full-Sized Hacksaw

Also known as senior hacksaws, full-sized hacksaws are large, versatile tools that are straightforward to operate and will make short work of tougher materials. They are compatible with 12, 18, 24 and 32 teeth per inch blades.

Junior Hacksaw

Junior hacksaws are a smaller variant used when space is limited, or more precise cutting is required. They feature softer, half-sized blades and so are not suitable for cutting harder substances. Junior hacksaws are compact, easily portable hand tools.

Mini Hacksaw

Mini hacksaws are light and compact models designed for cutting in particularly confined spaces and accessing hard-to-reach areas such as domestic pipework. They typically feature long, ergonomic handles and highly compact D frames.

Power Hacksaw

Power hacksaws, also known as electric hacksaws, normally feature built-in electric motors to power their blades but they can also be attached to separate motors or engines. Powered hacksaws normally automatically elevate their blades on the return stroke. Typically, power hacksaws are stationary devices, but some handheld models are also available. Coolant pumps are another common inclusion to help prevent the blades from overheating during use.

Explore the Different Hacksaw Types

This video shows some of the different types of hacksaw in greater detail. It offers a useful glimpse into what is available as well as explaining the best uses and applications for each type of saw. From adjustable hacksaws to close-quarters hacksaws, this video provides a handy visual guide to help you choose the best hacksaw for your requirements.

How to Use a Hacksaw Safely

As with any other tool, strong focus and attention to detail are key to ensuring safety when using a hacksaw. Here are some top tips for using a hacksaw safely:

Make sure you have chosen the right blade for the task
Ensure the blade is mounted in the correct direction, facing forwards
Check that the blade is properly secured to the frame
Firmly secure the object you are cutting, using a vice, for example
Saw vigorously, taking care to direct the cutting movements away from your body

How to Change a Hacksaw Blade

Changing a hacksaw blade is a straightforward process, regardless of whether you are using a senior or junior model. Below is a handy step-by-step guide detailing the process:

Depending on the model of hacksaw you have, either apply the fasten-release mechanism or turn the wing nut to loosen the current blade
Carefully slide out the current blade
Insert the fresh blade onto the retaining pins within the handle
Either tighten the wing nut or reapply the fasten-release mechanism
Conduct a test cut on a piece of scrap metal to ensure the new blade is safe and properly secured

How to Maintain a Hacksaw

Regularly maintaining your hacksaw and keeping it in good condition will not only ensure a quality cut but it will also lessen the safety risk associated with using the tool. When conducting hacksaw maintenance, consider the following fundamentals:

You should regularly inspect hacksaw blades for signs of damage including warping or blunting
If blades do show signs of wear and tear, replace them
Apply oil or lubricant to the blade to prevent overheating when cutting
Minimise the risk of breakage when cutting harder materials by cutting more slowly
Regularly clean hacksaw blades to keep them in good condition for longer

Hacksaw Brands

Many different brands and manufacturers supply hacksaws, each best suited to varying applications. The following are just a few examples of popular brands.